chemistry reasons

What is the nomenclature of CH3-CH2-O-Na? Well let’s say you put this into an aqueous solution like water. H2O. You would see that Na+ would leave the molecule in a flash and you would get an H+ in its place. Then it would be ethanol Answer · Organic Chemistry What is the name of CH3-CH2-CHCl-COONa? That’s a salt of an organic acid. Let's see what IUPAC blue book has to say about this: P-65.6.2.1 Neutral salts of acids are named by citing the name of the cation(s) followed by the name of the anion (see P-72.2.2.2) as a separate word. Different cations are cited in alphabetical order. Formation of salts is a functionalization and not a substitution. Thus, all retained names, both those used as preferred IUPAC names and those used only for general nomenclature, can be used without restriction. Hence, without the chloro-substituent, we could use the t...

What are steric effects? What’s an example? Steric effects describe any effect that is due to the sterics of a molecule. For an answer that isn't so tautological, we need to know what sterics are. Sterics are simply the way a molecule is shaped. It's very similar to molecular geometry. Sterics also concerns itself also with the size of side chains and functional groups. So, here are a few examples of steric effects: 1. TEMPO is a stable radical species, partly due to the steric effect of the 4 methyl groups. It makes it hard for large substituents to attack the oxygen radical as they have to push the methyl groups out of the way! 2. Biaxial substituents on cyclohexane rings (in the 1 and 3 positions) are less preferred to Biequatorial ones. This is because the two substituents push each other apart, so the equatorial form is slightly more stable. Note that if these substituents are capable of hydrogen bonding, the reverse is o...

methanol is more acidic than ethanol why? Ethoxide ion is a stronger base than hydroxide ion. Thus ethanol is a weaker acid than water. It is true for all alcohols except methanol, which is slightly more acidic than water. Comparing methoxide and hydroxide ions, O is attached to a CH3 group in one and H in the other. CH3 allows greater surface area for the minus charge to be accommodated than H. This is true for only this case. What makes methanol (pKa 15.54) a stronger acid than water (pKa 15.74)? The pKa's that you cite are in water, where solvation and H-bonds can make a large difference so it's hard to gather any information that is of predictive value from analyzing this alone.

Why is NH4OH unstable? What do you mean by unstable? NH4OH does not really exist as such. There is NH3, ammonia, which is a weak base, meaning that in aqueous solution, only a few, typically something like 1 in 100 molecules of NH3 take a proton from H2O and become NH4+, this means a hydroxide ion OH- is left behind, together, but they are never directly joined together. NH4+ and OH- add up to NH4OH, however 99 out of 100 molecules will simply be ammonia NH3 molecules dissolved in water, forming hydrogen bonds with water. However water molecules a bit more attracted to other water molecules than they are to ammonia molecules, So ammonia molecules from a solution of ammonia quite easily escape into the air, which is why you can smell ammonia solution so easily and the solution always has a tendency to become less concentrated over time (perhaps this is what you meant).

Why is CHF3 less acidic than CHCl3? The idea behind determining which compound is more acidic is linked to the stability of the conjugate bases. The more stable the conjugate base, the easier it is for the compound to lose a proton, the more acidic the compound. Comparing the two conjugate bases, CF3- and CCl3-. The negative charge on CF3- is stabilised by the induction effect of the electronegative fluorine while the negative charge on CCl3- is stabilised by both induction effects of chlorine and by delocalisation. This delocation can happen in CCl3- because the filled 2p orbitals of C can overlap with the empty 3d orbitals of Cl which lowers the energy. Some people call this backbonding. However F does not have empty d orbitals and this overlap cannot occur. Therefore, although the induction effect of F is stronger, the combination of induction and back bonding effect better stabilises the conjugate base in CHCl3, making it a strong...

What is the pH of perchaloric acid? perchaloric acid is an unknown substance, perchloric acid is a strong acid with the formula HClO4. See: Perchloric acid - Wikipedia with the exception of H2O, there is no pure substance that has a pH.     The definition of pH states that is is a measure of the activity of the free H+ / H3O+ ions present in a solution with water as the solvent. To be precise the pH of an aqueous solution is the negative decimal logarithm of the activity constant of the hydronium ions → pH= -log a (H3O+). For diluted solutions a practical approximation normally used, which most times is written as: pH = -log [H3O+], which is wrong in math, because you can only take a logarithm of a number and not from something that has a dimension, like meter, second or mole/L. It should be written as: pH = -log{[H3O+]/(1 mole/L)} so the term between { } resolves to a dimensionless number, a multiplication factor, say,...